Bizarre Weather Phenomena in the United States

1. Ghost Rainbows: Spotting the Elusive Fogbows

Ghost rainbows, also known as fogbows, have a unique appearance compared to their colorful counterparts. These ethereal rainbows are formed by sunlight and water droplets. To spot a fogbow, the sun needs to be at a low angle to the existing fog in the atmosphere, typically between 30 and 40 degrees. Fogbows are commonly seen in the early mornings and late evenings.

2. The Enigma of “Hair Ice”

“Hair ice” was first discovered in 1918 by scientist Alfred Wegener. This rare ice formation is believed to be connected to a fungus found on dead wood. In Washington’s Hoh Rainforest, nature photographer Mathew Nichols captured stunning images of hair ice. The fungus within decaying wood releases moisture, which freezes upon contact with below freezing temperatures, resulting in the formation of hair ice.

3. The Mystery of Sun Halos

Sun halos, also known as 22-degree halos, are formed by high, thin cirrus clouds drifting at an altitude of 20,000 feet. The name “22-degree halo” comes from the radius of the circle around the sun or moon, which is approximately 22 degrees. According to folklore, a ring around the moon indicates rain soon.

4. Haboobs: Unleashing the Power of Dust and Sand Storms

Haboobs are powerful dust and sand storms that can form in the southwestern region of the U.S. These storms can last from 10 to 30 minutes and sometimes even longer. With wind speeds of up to 60 mph, haboobs can stir up dust and sand, creating a blowing wall as high as 10,000 feet.

5. The Elusive Snow Rollers

Snow rollers are naturally sculpted blankets of snow that resemble rolled-up blankets. These rare formations require the perfect combination of moisture, snow, wind, and temperature. The snow must be a light dusting that is sticky enough to adhere to itself but not cling to the surface. Wind plays a crucial role in encouraging the snow to curl up and form its signature loop. In some cases, snow rollers can form on hills and gently roll downslope.

6. Fire Tornadoes: Nature’s Fiery Whirlwinds

Fire tornadoes are rare phenomena that occur during wildfires. In 2018, a fire tornado formed in Redding, California, with speeds reaching up to 143 mph. These intense whirlwinds can uproot trees as tall as 49 feet.

7. The Curious Case of “Raining” Animals

The mysterious phenomenon of “raining frogs” and other water creatures has been documented in the United States. The first recorded instance of raining frogs was in Kansas City in 1873, possibly caused by a tornado or waterspout. In Texarkana, Texas, fish fell from the sky, a result of small water animals being swept up in waterspouts or drafts and then rained down along with precipitation.

8. The Power of Derechos: Unleashing Strong Winds

Derechos are severe thunderstorms characterized by strong outflow winds reaching speeds of 75 mph or greater. In July 2022, a derecho passed through Sioux Falls, South Dakota, turning the sky green. The moisture carried by the storm contributed to the green hue, caused by the reddish light scattered by the atmosphere illuminating blue water/ice droplets in the cloud.